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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <html><head><title>Logical Functions</title><meta name="filename" content="text/scalc/01/04060105"/><help:css-file-link xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><!--The CSS style header method for setting styles--><style type="text/css">
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  33.   <p class="P1"/>
  34.   <p class="Head1"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="1" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:key-word value="logical; functions" tag="kw66920_1" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:key-word value="AutoPilot: Functions; logical" tag="kw66920_9" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:key-word value="functions; logical" tag="kw66920_8" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Logical Functions</p>
  35.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="2" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:to-be-embedded Eid="logischtext" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">This category contains the <span style="font-weight:bold;">Logical</span> functions.</help:to-be-embedded> The functions are: <help:link Id="66920" Eid="und" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">AND</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="falsch" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">FALSE</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="wenn" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">IF</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="nicht" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">NOT</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="oder" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">OR</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="wahr" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">TRUE</help:link>.</p>
  36.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:popup Id="66774" Eid="eikalo" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"><help:embedded Id="66778" Eid="wie"/></help:popup>
  37.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="29" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_UND" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="und"/><help:key-word value="AND" tag="kw66920_7" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>AND</p>
  38.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="65" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.</help:help-text> If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.</p>
  39.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="66" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</p>
  40.   <table><tr class="Tabelle11"><th class="Tabelle1A1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="Tabelle1A">
  41.       <p class="Paragraph"><draw:image draw:name="Icon0" svg:desc="Note Icon" svg:pixelx="32" svg:pixely="32" svg:width="0.847cm" svg:height="0.847cm" xlink:href="65980" draw:filter-name="" xmlns:draw="http://openoffice.org/2000/drawing" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></p>
  42.  
  43.      </span></th><th class="Tabelle1A1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="Tabelle1B">
  44.       <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="67" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If an argument entered as am array contains text or empty cells, these will be ignored. For example, formula =AND(0<C9:C16; C9:C16<10) returns TRUE if array (C9:C16) contains values between 0 and 10, and cells containing text or empty cells may be included.</p>
  45.       <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="68" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If the range indicated does not contain any logical values, AND returns the error value #VALUE!</p>
  46.      </span></th></tr></table>
  47.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="31" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  48.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="32" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>AND(Logical value 1; Logical value 2 ...Logical value 30)</p>
  49.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="33" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Logical value 1; Logical value 2 ...Logical value 30</span> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the logical values of the cells contained in that range are linked by the AND condition. The result is TRUE if the logical value in all cells within the cell range is TRUE.</p>
  50.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="34" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Example</p>
  51.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="35" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>The logical values of entries 12<13; 14>12, and 7<6 are to be checked:</p>
  52.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="36" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>AND(12<13; 14>12; 7<6) returns FALSE.</p>
  53.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="60" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>AND (FALSE;TRUE) returns FALSE.</p>
  54.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="3" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_FALSCH" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="falsch"/><help:key-word value="FALSE" tag="kw66920_6" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>FALSE</p>
  55.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="4" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Returns the logical value FALSE.</help:help-text> Two or more arguments are linked by the logical operators AND or OR. The operator returns FALSE, if required by the content of the arguments.</p>
  56.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="5" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  57.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="6" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>FALSE()</p>
  58.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="7" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Example</p>
  59.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="8" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</p>
  60.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="9" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>A AND B returns FALSE</p>
  61.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="10" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>A OR B returns TRUE</p>
  62.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  63.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="11" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="wahr" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">TRUE</help:link>.</p>
  64.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="48" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_WENN" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="wenn"/><help:key-word value="IF" tag="kw66920_5" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>IF</p>
  65.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="49" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Specifies a logical test to be performed.</help:help-text></p>
  66.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="50" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  67.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="51" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>IF(Test; Then_value; Otherwise_value)</p>
  68.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="52" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Test</span> is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.</p>
  69.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="53" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Then_value</span> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.</p>
  70.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="54" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Otherwise_value</span> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.</p>
  71.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="55" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Examples</p>
  72.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="57" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>IF(A1>5;100;"too small") If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, <span class="T1">too small</span> is entered in text format.</p>
  73.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  74.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="58" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="falsch" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">FALSE</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="nicht" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">NOT</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="oder" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">OR</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="und" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">AND</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="wahr" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">TRUE</help:link>.</p>
  75.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="12" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_NICHT" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="nicht"/><help:key-word value="NOT" tag="kw66920_4" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>NOT</p>
  76.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="13" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Reverses the logical value.</help:help-text></p>
  77.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="14" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  78.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="15" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>NOT(Logical value)</p>
  79.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="16" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Logical Value</span> is any value to be reversed.</p>
  80.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="17" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Example</p>
  81.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="18" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>NOT(A). A=TRUE reverses to A=FALSE.</p>
  82.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  83.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="19" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="oder" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">OR</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="und" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">AND</help:link>.</p>
  84.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="20" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_ODER" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="oder"/><help:key-word value="OR" tag="kw66920_3" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>OR</p>
  85.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="61" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.</help:help-text> This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.</p>
  86.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="62" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</p>
  87.   <table><tr class="Tabelle21"><th class="Tabelle2A1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="Tabelle2A">
  88.       <p class="Paragraph"><draw:image draw:name="Icon1" svg:desc="Note Icon" svg:pixelx="32" svg:pixely="32" svg:width="0.847cm" svg:height="0.847cm" xlink:href="65980" draw:filter-name="" xmlns:draw="http://openoffice.org/2000/drawing" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></p>
  89.  
  90.      </span></th><th class="Tabelle2A1" style="text-align:left;"><span class="Tabelle2B">
  91.       <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="63" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If an argument entered as an array contains text or empty cells, these will be ignored. For example, formula =OR(0<C9:C16; FALSE) returns TRUE if array (C9:C16) contains values greater than 0, and cells containing text or empty cells may be included.</p>
  92.       <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="64" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If the range indicated does not contain any logical values, OR returns the error value #VALUE!</p>
  93.      </span></th></tr></table>
  94.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="22" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  95.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="23" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>OR(Logical value 1; Logical value 2 ...Logical value 30)</p>
  96.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="24" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><span class="T1">Logical value 1; Logical value 2 ...Logical value 30</span> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the Logical values of the cells contained in that range are linked by the OR condition. The result is TRUE if the Logical value in a cell within the cell range is TRUE.</p>
  97.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="25" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Example</p>
  98.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="26" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>The logical values of entries 12<11; 13>22, and 45=45 are to be checked.</p>
  99.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="27" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>OR(12<11; 13>22; 45=45) returns TRUE.</p>
  100.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="59" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>OR(FALSE;TRUE) returns TRUE.</p>
  101.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  102.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="28" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="nicht" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">NOT</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="und" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">AND</help:link>.</p>
  103.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  104.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="37" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="nicht" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">NOT</help:link>, <help:link Id="66920" Eid="oder" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">OR</help:link>.</p>
  105.   <p class="Head2"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="38" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-id value="HID_FUNC_WAHR" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><a name="wahr"/><help:key-word value="TRUE" tag="kw66920_2" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>TRUE</p>
  106.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="39" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:help-text value="visible" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">The logical value is set to TRUE.</help:help-text> The logical function TRUE verifies two arguments and returns the TRUE value if both values match.</p>
  107.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="40" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Syntax</p>
  108.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="41" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>TRUE()</p>
  109.   <p class="Head3"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="42" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Example</p>
  110.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="43" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</p>
  111.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="44" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>A AND B returns FALSE</p>
  112.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="45" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>A OR B returns TRUE</p>
  113.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="46" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>(NOT) A AND B returns TRUE</p>
  114.   <help:paragraphinfo state="E" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:embedded Id="65630" Eid="siehe" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>
  115.   <p class="Paragraph"><help:paragraphinfo state="U" number="47" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/><help:link Id="66920" Eid="falsch" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">FALSE</help:link></p>
  116.  </body></html>